
材料局部抵抗硬物壓入其表面的能力稱為硬度,一般可以選購合適的便捷式硬度計來測量。在拉伸試驗中,試樣直至斷裂為止所受的zui大拉伸應力即為拉伸強度,可以選配試驗機來測量。硬度和拉伸強度為兩個不同當鋼的硬度在500HB以下時,其抗拉強度與硬度成正比,匯總如下表所示:
|              抗拉強度N/mm2   |                          維氏硬度   |                          布氏硬度   |                          洛氏硬度   |                             |                          抗拉強度N/mm2  |                          維氏硬度  |                          布氏硬度  |                          洛氏硬度   |         
|              Rm  |                          HV  |                          HB  |                          HRB  |                          Rm  |                          HV  |                          HB   |                          HRB  |         |
|              250  |                          80  |                          76  |                             |                          1125  |                          350  |                          333  |                          35.5  |         |
|              270  |                          85  |                          80.7  |                             |                          1115  |                          360  |                          342  |                          36.6  |         |
|              285  |                          90  |                          85.2  |                             |                          1190  |                          370  |                          352  |                          37.7  |         |
|              305  |                          95  |                          90.2  |                             |                          1220  |                          380  |                          361  |                          38.8  |         |
|              320  |                          100  |                          95  |                             |                          1255  |                          390  |                          371  |                          39.8  |         |
|              335  |                          105  |                          99.8  |                             |                          1290  |                          400  |                          380  |                          40.8  |         |
|              350  |                          110  |                          105  |                             |                          1320  |                          410  |                          390  |                          41.8  |         |
|              370  |                          115  |                          109  |                             |                          1350  |                          420  |                          399  |                          42.7  |         |
|              380  |                          120  |                          114  |                             |                          1385  |                          430  |                          409  |                          43.6  |         |
|              400  |                          125  |                          119  |                             |                          1420  |                          440  |                          418  |                          44.5  |         |
|              415  |                          130  |                          124  |                             |                          1455  |                          450  |                          428  |                          45.3  |         |
|              430  |                          135  |                          128  |                             |                          1485  |                          460  |                          437  |                          46.1  |         |
|              450  |                          140  |                          133  |                             |                          1520  |                          470  |                          447  |                          46.9  |         |
|              465  |                          145  |                          138  |                             |                          1555  |                          480  |                          456  |                          47  |         |
|              480  |                          150  |                          143  |                             |                          1595  |                          490  |                          466  |                          48.4  |         |
|              490  |                          155  |                          147  |                             |                          1630  |                          500  |                          475  |                          49.1  |         |
|              510  |                          160  |                          152  |                             |                          1665  |                          510  |                          485  |                          49.8  |         |
|              530  |                          165  |                          156  |                             |                          1700  |                          520  |                          494  |                          50.5  |         |
|              545  |                          170  |                          162  |                             |                          1740  |                          530  |                          504  |                          51.1  |         |
|              560  |                          175  |                          166  |                             |                          1775  |                          540  |                          513  |                          51.7  |         |
|              575  |                          180  |                          171  |                             |                          1810  |                          550  |                          523  |                          52.3  |         |
|              595  |                          185  |                          176  |                             |                          1845  |                          560  |                          532  |                          53  |         |
|              610  |                          190  |                          181  |                             |                          1880  |                          570  |                          542  |                          53.6  |         |
|              625  |                          195  |                          185  |                             |                          1920  |                          580  |                          551  |                          54.1  |         |
|              640  |                          200  |                          190  |                             |                          1955  |                          590  |                          561  |                          54.7  |         |
|              660  |                          205  |                          195  |                             |                          1995  |                          600  |                          570  |                          55.2  |         |
|              675  |                          210  |                          199  |                             |                          2030  |                          610  |                          580  |                          55.7  |         |
|              690  |                          215  |                          204  |                             |                          2070  |                          620  |                          589  |                          56.3  |         |
|              705  |                          220  |                          209  |                             |                          2105  |                          630  |                          599  |                          56.8  |         |
|              720  |                          225  |                          214  |                             |                          2145  |                          640  |                          608  |                          57.3  |         |
|              740  |                          230  |                          219  |                             |                          2180  |                          650  |                          618  |                          57.8  |         |
|              755  |                          235  |                          223  |                             |                             |                          660  |                             |                          58.3  |         |
|              770  |                          240  |                          228  |                          20.3  |                             |                          670  |                             |                          58.8  |         |
|              785  |                          245  |                          233  |                          21.3  |                             |                          680  |                             |                          59.2  |         |
|              800  |                          250  |                          238  |                          22.2  |                             |                          690  |                             |                          59.7  |         |
|              820  |                          255  |                          242  |                          23.1  |                             |                          700  |                             |                          60.1  |         |
|              835  |                          260  |                          247  |                          24  |                             |                          720  |                             |                          61  |         |
|              850  |                          265  |                          252  |                          24.8  |                             |                          740  |                             |                          61.8  |         |
|              865  |                          270  |                          257  |                          25.6  |                             |                          760  |                             |                          62.5  |         |
|              880  |                          275  |                          261  |                          26.4  |                             |                          780  |                             |                          63.3  |         |
|              900  |                          280  |                          266  |                          27.1  |                             |                          800  |                             |                          64  |         |
|              915  |                          285  |                          271  |                          27.8  |                             |                          820  |                             |                          64.7  |         |
|              930  |                          290  |                          276  |                          28.5  |                             |                          840  |                             |                          65.3  |         |
|              950  |                          295  |                          280  |                          29.2  |                             |                          860  |                             |                          65.9  |         |
|              965  |                          300  |                          285  |                          29.8  |                             |                          880  |                             |                          66.4  |         |
|              995  |                          310  |                          295  |                          31  |                             |                          900  |                             |                          67  |         |
|              1030  |                          320  |                          304  |                          32.2  |                             |                          920  |                             |                          67.5  |         |
|              1060  |                          330  |                          314  |                          33.3  |                             |                          940  |                             |                          68  |         |
|              1095  |                          340  |                          323  |                          34.4  |                             |                             |                             |                             |         |
|                 |                             |                             |                             |                          HRB  |                          DC01=65  |                          DC03=55  |                          DC04=50  |